Nation of Nations 3/e Davidson, Gienapp, Heyrman, Lytle, and Stoff
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KEY EVENTS

1863 Lincoln outlines Reconstruction program: moves to establish loyal governments based on loyal white population

1864 Lincoln vetoes Wade-Davis bill: Radicals bitterly denounce the president

Louisiana, Arkansas, and Tennessee establish governments under Lincoln's plan: none grant suffrage to blacks

1865 Freedmen's Bureau established: to provide temporary assistance in the South

Johnson becomes president: puts his program of Reconstruction in place in the summer of 1865

Presidential Reconstruction completed: southern voters restore state governments

Congress excludes representatives of Johnson's governments: southern defiance, Johnson's lenient program disturbs Republicans in Congress

Thirteenth Amendment ratified: slavery abolished in the United States without compensation

Joint Committee on Reconstruction established: Congress demands say in shaping Reconstruction policy

1865-1866 Black codes enacted: southern states limit rights of former slaves

1866 Civil Rights bill passed over Johnson's veto: Congress extends basic civil rights to former slaves

Memphis and New Orleans riots: anti-black and anti-Republican violence alarms northern public opinion

Fourteenth Amendment passes Congress: indirectly provides for black suffrage in southern states

Freedmen's Bureau extended: granted stronger powers to protect black rights

Ku Klux Klan organized: southern white resistance to Reconstruction turns to violence

Tennessee readmitted to Congress: first Confederate state to regain representation after ratifying the Fourteenth Amendment

Republicans win decisive victory in congressional elections: northern voters repudiate Johnson and his program of Reconstruction

1867 Congressional Reconstruction enacted: Congress enacts program of Reconstruction based on black suffrage

Tenure of Office Act: Congress tries to prevent Johnson from removing Secretary of War Edwin Stanton from the cabinet

1867-1868 Constitutional conventions in the South: new, progressive state constitutions adopted

Blacks vote in southern elections

1868 Johnson impeached but acquitted: Radical power peaks in Republican party

Fourteenth Amendment ratified

Grant elected president: Republicans shocked at closeness of the election

1869 Fifteenth Amendment passes Congress: Republicans seek to make black suffrage constitutionally secure

1870 Last southern states readmitted to Congress: remaining states required to ratify both the Fourteenth and the Fifteenth Amendment

Fifteenth Amendment ratified

Force Act passed: federal government acts against the Ku Klux Klan

1871 Ku Klux Klan Act: government moves to break up the Ku Klux Klan

1872 General Amnesty Act: all but a handful of prominent Confederate leaders pardoned

Freedmen's Bureau closes down: protection of black rights in the South undermined

Liberal Republican revolt: scandals weaken Grant's hold on party

1873-1877 Panic and depression: Republican party hurt by hard times

1874 Democrats win control of the House: Republicans increasingly concerned about maintaining support in the North

1875 Civil Rights Act: Congress seeks to protect black rights, but the Supreme Court eventually strikes down most of its provisions

Mississippi Plan: Democrats resort to violence to carry the state

1876 Disputed Hayes-Tilden election: outcome in three southern states in doubt

1877 Compromise of 1877: Republicans and Democrats reach agreement over election returns in three southern states

Hayes declared winner of electoral vote: product of the Compromise of 1877

Last Republican governments in South fall: product of the Compromise of 1877

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