Nation of Nations 3/e Davidson, Gienapp, Heyrman, Lytle, and Stoff
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KEY EVENTS

1859 First oil well drilled near Titusville, Pennsylvania

National Labor Union founded: first national labor union created

1869 Knights of Labor created: radical labor union is founded in Philadelphia

1870 John D. Rockefeller incorporates Standard Oil Company in Ohio: giant corporate structures established

1873 Carnegie Steel Company founded: steel giant founded in Pittsburgh

Panic of 1873: 12 years of frantic financial and industrial expansion plunges the country into a five-year depression

1874 Massachusetts enacts first ten-hour workday law for women: Protection for working women:

1876 Alexander Graham Bell invents Telephone: new communications revolution

1877 Railroad wage cuts lead to violent strikes: Great Railroad Strike paralyzes nation's rail system

Thomas Edison invents phonograph:

1879 Edison develops incandescent light bulb: first electrical lighting systems in the process of development

Henry George’s Progress and Poverty published: details widespread poverty in America

1882 Rockefeller's Standard Oil Company becomes first trust: new form of business ownership centralizes control over technological systems

Thomas Edison’s electric company begins lighting New York City: first public application of electrical lighting systems

1883 Railroads establish standard time zones: time becomes standardized

1886 American Federation of Labor organized: federation of unions of skilled workers

Haymarket Square bombing: deadly bomb thrown at police at labor rally in Chicago leads to arrest of eight anarchists

1892 Homestead Steel strike: succession of wage cuts at Carnegie's steel mill triggers a violent strike

1893 Panic of 1893: bankruptcy of Philadelphia and Reading Railroad sends overheated economy into a four-year tailspin

1894 Pullman strike: lay-offs and wage cuts spark a strike at the Pullman Palace Car Company that is crushed by federal troops

1901 U.S. Steel Corporation becomes the nation's first billion-dollar company

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