Nation of Nations 3/e Davidson, Gienapp, Heyrman, Lytle, and Stoff
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KEY EVENTS

1849-1859 Gold and silver strikes open western mining frontier

1862 Homestead Act: provides cheap lands for family farms

Minnesota Sioux uprising begins Plains Indian wars

1864 Chivington massacre: leads to First Sioux War

1866 Drive to Sedalia, Missouri launches cattle boom

1869 Completion of first Transcontinental railroad: links West to East

Powell explores the Grand Canyon: asks Congress to use scientific planning to develop the West

1872-1874 The great buffalo slaughter: herds decimated for fashion and industry, and against Native populations

1874 Black Hills gold rush: treaty violations lead to conflicts with Cheyenne and Sioux

Barbed wire patented: makes possible the fencing of the western range

1876 Battle of Little Bighorn: Indian victory over Custer

Nez Pierce resist relocation: Chief Joseph captured and forced back to Oklahoma reservation

1877 Compromise of 1877 ends Reconstruction

Crazy Horse surrenders: end of large scale warfare

1879 Height of Exoduster migration to Kansas

1880 Bonsack cigarette rolling machine invented: leads to boom in cigarette smoking

1883 Civil Rights Cases: segregation permitted in public places owned by private individuals

1885-1887 Severe winter and drought cycle in the West: end of cattle boom

1887 Dawes Severalty Act: undermines communal tribal culture

1889 Oklahoma opened to settlement: boomers and sooners claim land

1890 Ghost Dance Indian religious revival: Wovoka leads resistance against Dawes Act policies

Wounded Knee: army massacre in response to Ghost Dancers

1892 Union violence at Coeur d’Alene, Idaho: efforts to organize mine workers crushed

Wyoming range wars: battle between small and large ranchers

1896 Plessy v. Ferguson upholds separate but equal doctrine

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