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Chapter 1: The
First Civilizations
The Earliest
Humans
The First Civilizations in Mesopotamia
Egypt
The Early Indo-Europeans
Palestine
The Near Eastern Empires
Chapter 2: The
Forming of Greek Civilization
Crete and Early Greece
The Greek Renaissance (Ca. 800-600 B.C.)
The Polis
The Challenge of Persia
The Wars of the Fifth Century (479-404 B.C.)
Chapter 3: Classical
and Hellenistic Greece
Classical Greek Culture (Ca. 500-323 B.C.)
The Rise of Macedonia
The Hellenistic Age
Chapter 4: The
Roman Republic
The Unification of Italy
The Age of Mediterranean Conquest
The Roman Revolution
The End of the Roman Republic
The Founding of the Roman Empire
Chapter 5: The
Empire and Christianity
The Empire at Its Height
Changes in Ancient Society
The Late Roman Empire
Christianity and Its Early Rivals
Chapter 6: The
Making of Western Europe
The New Community of Peoples
The New Political Structures
The New Economy, 500-900
The Expansion of the Church
Letters and Learning
Chapter 7: The
Empires of the Early Middle Ages (800-1000): Creation and Erosion
The Byzantine Empire
Islam
Civilization
The Carolingian or Frankish Empire
The Vikings, Kiev, and England
Chapter 8: Restoration
of an Ordered Society
Economic and Social
Governments of Europe 1000-1150
The Reform of the Western Church
The Crusades
Chapter 9: The
Flowering of Medieval Civilization
Cultural Developments
The States of Europe
The Church
Chapter 10:
The Urban Economy and the Consolidation of State
Cities, Trade, and Commerce
Monarchies and the Development of Representative Institutions
Government in the East
The Papacy and the Church
Learning and Literature
Chapter 11:
Breakdown and Renewal In An Age of Plague
Population Disaster
Popular Unrest
The Governments of Europe
The Fall of Byzantium and the Ottoman Empire
Chapter 12:
Tradition and Change in European Culture, 1300-1500
Art and Artists in the Italian Renaissance
The Culture of the North
Society
Scholastic Philosophy, Religious Thought, and Piety
The State of Christendom
Chapter 13:
Reformations in Religion
Piety and Dissent
The Lutheran Reformation
The Spread of Protestantism
The Catholic Revival
Religion and Politics
Chapter 14:
Economic Expansion and a New Politics
Expansion at Home
Expansion Overseas
The Centralization of Political Power
The Splintered States
The New Statecraft
Chapter 15:
War and Crisis
Rivalry and War in the Age of Philip II
From Unbounded War to International Crisis
The Military Revolution
Armies
Revolution in England
Revolts in France and Spain
Political Change in an Age of Crisis
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Chapter 16:
Culture and Society in the Age of the Scientific Revolution
Scientific
Advance from Copernicus to Newton
The Effects of the Discoveries
Thought
Literature and the Arts
Social Patterns and Popular Culture
Chapter 17:
The Emergence of the European State System
Absolutism in France
Austrian and Prussian Absolutism
Absolutism in Spain and Russia
Alternatives to Absolutism
Sweden, and Poland
The International System
Chapter 18:
The Wealth of Nations
Demographic and Economic Growth
The New Shape of Industry
Industrialization
Innovation and Tradition in Agriculture
Eighteenth-Century Empires
Chapter 19:
The Age of Enlightenment
The Enlightenment
Eighteenth-Century Elite Culture
Chapter 20:
The French Revolution
Reform and Political Crisis
The Second Revolution
Chapter 21:
The Age of Napoleon
From Robespierre to Bonaparte
The Napoleonic Settlement in France
Napoleonic Hegemony in Europe
Chapter 22:
Foundations of the Nineteenth Century: Politics and Social Change
The Politics of Order
The Progression of Industrialization
The Social Effects
Chapter 23:
Learning to Live with Change
Ideas of Change
The Structure of Society
The Spread of Liberal Government
Chapter 24:
National States and National Cultures
The Revolutions of 1848
The Politics of Nationalism
France
Chapter 25:
European Dynamism and the Nineteenth-Century World
The Economics of Growth
Europe's Knowledge of the Larger World
Modern Imperialism
Chapter 26:
The Age of Progress
The Belle Epoque
Attacks On Liberal Civilizations
Domestic Politics
Chapter 27:
World War and Democracy
The Coming of World War
The Course of the War
The Peace
The Era of Democracy
Chapter 28:
The Great Twentieth-Century Crisis
The Distinctive Culture of the Twentieth Century
The New Revolutions
The Retreat from Democracy
The Rise of Totalitarianism
Democracies' Weak Response
Chapter 29:
The Nightmare: World War II
The Years of Axis Victory
The Global War, 1942-1945
Building on the Ruins
European Recovery
Chapter 30:
The New Europe
Europe's Place in the World
Postindustrial Society
The Politics of Prosperity
Rigidity
The End of an Era
Contemporary Culture
Epilogue
The Present and the Past
The Modern Economy
The Functions of the State
Questions of Values
The Nature of Community
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