Table of Contents
CHAPTER 13
The Struggle for Survival and Sovereignty, 1600-1715
Timeline: The Big Picture
Stresses in Traditional Society
Mounting Demands on Rural Life
Pressures on the Upper Orders
Royal Absolutism in France
Henry IV Secures the Monarchy
Richelieu Elevates Royal Authority
Mazarin Overcomes the Opposition
The "Sun King" Rises
MAP 13.1: FRANCE UNDER LOUIS XIV, 1661 Ð 1715
The Struggle for Sovereignty in Eastern Europe
MAP 13.2: Central and Eastern Europe, 1600
Centralizing the State in Brandenburg-Prussia
AustriaÕs Habsburgs Expand Their
Control
Russia and Its Tsars Gain Prominence
MAP 13.3: CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE, 1640 Ð 1725.
The Triumph of Constitutionalism
The Nobility Loses Respect
Protestantism Revitalized
James I Invokes the Divine Right
of Kings
Charles I Alienates Parliament
"God Made Men and the Devil
Made Kings": Civil War, 1642-1649
MAP 13.4: THE ENGLISH CIVIL WAR, 1642 Ð 1646
The King Laid Low
A Puritan Republic Is Born:
The Commonwealth: 1649-1660 Who Has the Power to Rule?
The Monarchy Restored, 1660-1688
BIOGRAPHY SAMUEL PEPYS (1633 Ð 1703)
The Glorious Revolution
Royalism Reconsidered: John
Locke
The Netherlands: The Sovereignty
of Local Authority
MAP 13.5: THE UNITED PROVINCES AND THE SPANISH NETHERLANDS,
1609
Summary
Timeline: A Closer Look
Review, Analyze, and Anticipate
Beyond the Classroom
CHAPTER 14
A New World of Reason and Motion: The Scientific Revolution
and the Enlightenment, 1600-1800
Timeline: The Big Picture
Questioning Truth and Authority
The Old View
Undermining the Old View
Developing a Modern Scientific View
Astronomy and Physics: From
Copernicus to Newton
The Revolution Spreads: Medicine,
Anatomy, and Chemistry
The Methodology of Science Emerges
Supporting and Spreading Science
Courts and Salons
The Rise of Royal Societies
Religion and the New Science
The New Worldview
Laying the Foundations for the Enlightenment
Science Popularized
Skepticism and Religion
Broadening Criticism of Authority
and Tradition
The Enlightenment in Full Stride
The Philosophes
The Encyclopedia
Battling the Church
Reforming Society
BIOGRAPHY JEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAU (1712-1778)
The Culture and Spread of the
Enlightenment
Summary
Timeline: A Closer Look
Review, Analyze, and Anticipate
Beyond the Classroom
CHAPTER 15
Competing for Power and Wealth: The Old Regime, 1715-1789
Timeline: The Big Picture
Statebuilding and War
MAP 15.1: EUROPE, 1721
Rising Ambitions in Eastern
Europe
MAP 15.2: THE EXPANSION OF RUSSIA AND THE PARTITION
OF POLAND 1721-1795
MAP 15.3: PRUSSIA AND THE AUSTRIAN EMPIRE, 1721 Ð 1772
Warfare in the Eighteenth Century
Western Europe and the Great
Colonial Rivalry
MAP 15.4: OVERSEAS COLONIES AND TRADE, 1740
MAPS 15.5 AND 15.6: NORTH AMERICA, 1755 AND 1763
The Twilight of Monarchies? The Question of Enlightened
Absolutism
Changes in Country and City Life
The Agricultural Revolution
Manufacturing Spreads in the
Countryside: Cottage Industry
More People, Longer Lives
Deepening Misery for the Poor
Prosperity and the Bourgeoisie
The Culture of the Elite: Combining the Old and the
New
The Advent of the Modern Novel
Pride and Sentiment in Art and
Architecture
Reaching New Heights in Music
BIOGRAPHY: WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART (1756-1791)
The Grand Tour
Culture for the Lower Classes
Festivals and Popular Literature
Gin and Beer
Religious Revivals
Foreshadowing Upheaval: The American Revolution
Insults, Interests, and Principles:
The Seeds of Revolt
A War for Independence
Creating the New Nation
Summary
Timeline: A Closer Look
Review, Analyze, and Anticipate
Beyond the Classroom
CHAPTER 16
Overturning the Political and Social Order: The French
Revolution and Napoleon, 1789-1815
Timeline: The Big Picture
"A Great Ferment": Trouble Brewing in France
The Financial Crisis Weakens
the Monarchy
The Underlying Causes of the
Revolution
The "Tennis Court Oath"
Storming the Bastille
The End of the Old Order
The Constitutional Monarchy: Establishing a New Order
MAPS 16.1 AND 16.2: REORGANIZING FRANCE IN 1789
The King Discredited Reactions
Outside France
To the Radical Republic and Back
War and the Breakdown of Order
Radical Republicans Struggle
for Power
The Terror
BIOGRAPHY: MANON ROLAND (1754 Ð 1793)
The Republic of Virtue
The Revolution Spreads Outside
of France
Resistance to the Republic Rises
Reaction: The "White" Terror
and the Directory
Napoleon Bonaparte
NapoleonÕs Rise to Power
MAP 16.3: FRANCE AND ITS SISTER REPUBLICS
Napoleon Consolidates Control
Reforming France
Creating the Empire
War and Conquest
MAP 16.4: EUROPE The Impact Overseas
MAP 16.5: LATIN AMERICA AFTER INDEPENDENCE
Decline and Fall
Summary
Timeline: A Closer Look
Review, Analyze, and Anticipate
Beyond the Classroom
CHAPTER 17
Factories, Cities, and Families in the Industrial Age:
The Industrial Revolution, 1780-1850
Timeline: The Big Picture
The Industrial Revolution Begins
A Booming Commercial Economy
in the West
BritainÕs Unique Set of Advantages
MAP 17.1: EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY ENGLAND
A Revolution in Agriculture
New Markets, Machines, and Power
The Rising Demand for Goods
Cotton Leads the Way
Iron: new Processes Transform
Production
The Steam Engine and the Factory
System
Coal: Fueling the Revolution
Railroads: Carrying Industrialization
Across the Land
BritainÕs Triumph: The Crystal
Palace Exhibition
Industrialization Spreads to the Continent
MAP 17.2: THE INDUSTDRIAL REVOLUTION IN EUROPE, 1850
Balancing the Benefits and Burdens of Industrialization
The Middle Class
The Working Classes
Developing Working-Class Consciousness
Life in the Growing Cities
The Promise and Pitfalls of
Work in the Cities
Living with Urban Growth
Worrying About Urban Society:
Rising Crime
Public Health and Medicine in the Industrial Age
The Danger of Disease
MAP 17.3: THE SPREAD OF A CHOLERA EPIDEMIC
Seeking Medical Care
Promising Developments for Public
Health
Family Ideals and Realities
Middle-Class Ideals: Affection,
Children, and Privacy
Separate Spheres: Changing Roles
for Middle-Class Women and Men
BIOGRAPHY: THE CADBURYS
Working-Class Realities
Prostitution
Stress and Survival in the Working
Classes
Summary
Timeline:
A Closer Look
Review, Analyze, and Anticipate
Beyond the Classroom
CHAPTER 18
Cope with Change: Ideology, Politics, and Revolution,
1815-1850
Timeline: The Big Picture
The Congress of Vienna: A Gathering of Victors
MAP 18.1: EUROPE, 1815
The Concert of Europe: Securing
the Vienna Settlement
Ideologies: How the World Should Be
Conservatism: Restoring the
Traditional Order
Liberalism: Individual Freedom
and Political Reform
BIOGRAPHY: JOHN STUART MILL (1806 Ð 1873)
Nationalism: A Common Identity
and National Liberation
Romanticism: Freedom, Instinct,
and Spontaneity
Early Socialism: Ending Competition
and Inequalities
"Scientific Socialism": Karl
Marx and the Communist Manifesto
Restoration and Repression
The Return of the Bourbons in
France
Reaction and Repression in the
German States
Restoration in Italy
Conservatism in Russia
Holding the Line in Great Britain
A Wave of Revolution and Reform
The Greek War for Independence
Liberal Triumphs in Western
Europe
MAP 18.2: EUROPEAN REVOLTS, 1820 Ð 1831
Testing Authority in Eastern
and Southern Europe
Liberal Demands in Great Britain
The Dam Burst: 1848
The "Glory Days"
MAP 18.3: EUROPEAN REVOLTS, 1848 Ð 1849
The Return to Order
What Happened?
Summary
Timeline: A Closer Look
Review, Analyze, and Anticipate
Beyond the Classroom
CHAPTER 19
Nationalism and State Building: Unifying Nations, 1850-1870
Timeline: The Big Picture
Building Unified Nation-States
The Drive for Italian Unification
MAP 19.1: THE UNIFICATION OF ITALY
Germany "By Blood and Iron"
MAP 19.2: THE UNIFICATION OF GERMANY
The Fight for National Unity in North America
Divided Authority in the Austrian and Ottoman Empires
MAP 19.3: LANGUAGE GROUPS OF AUSTRIA-HUNGARY
MAP 19.4: THE DECLINE OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE, 1683 Ð
1914
Using Nationalism in France and Russia
Napoleon III and the Second
Empire
Alexander II and Russia
BIOGRAPHY: FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE (1820 Ð 1910)
Summary
Timeline: A Closer Look
Review, Analyze, and Anticipate
Beyond
the Classroom
CHAPTER 20
Mass Politics and Imperial Domination: Democracy and
the New Imperialism, 1870-1914
Timeline: The Big Picture
Demands for Democracy
Liberal Democracy in Western
Europe
For and Against Democracy in
Central and Eastern Europe
Insiders and Outsiders: Politics of the Extremes
The Spread of Unions
Socialism Gains Strength
BIOGRAPHY: JEAN JAURéS (1859 Ð 1914)
Anarchism: Freedom from All
Authority
Anti-Semitism and Ultranationalism
MAP 20.1: JEWISH MIGRATION, 1870 Ð 1914
Still Outsiders: Women, Feminism,
and the Right to Vote
Emigration: Overseas and Across Continents
Leaving Europe Dreams Versus
Realities
The New Imperialism: The Race for Africa and Asia
Money and Glory
The Tools of Conquest
The Scramble for Africa
MAP 20.2: IMPERIALISM IN AFRICA, CA. 1885
MAP 20.3: IMPERIALISM IN AFRICA, 1914
Establishing Control in Asia
MAP 20.4: IMPERIALISM IN ASIA, 1840 - 1914
The Legacy of Imperialism
Summary
Timeline: A Closer Look
Review,
Analyze, and Anticipate
Beyond the Classroom
CHAPTER 21
Modern Life and the Culture of Progress: Western Society,
1850-1914
Timeline: The Big Picture
The Second Industrial Revolution
Steal Leads the Way
New Transportation and Communication
Networks
The Birth of Big Business
The Lure of Shopping
Winners and Losers in the Race
for Wealth
The
New Urban Landscape
Rebuilding Cities
Sewers and Subways
City People
On Top of It All: The Urban
Elite
Pride and success: The "Solid"
Middle Class
Hardworking and Hopeful: The
Lower Middle Class
The "Other Half": The Working
Classes
What to Do About "Them"
Sports and Leisure in the Cities
Building Character Through Athletics
The New Tourist
Private Life: Together and Alone at Home
Family: The Promise of Happiness
A Home of OneÕs Own Poor Housing
Intimacy and Morality Sexual
Realities
Psychic Stress and Alcoholism
Science in an Age of Optimism
Science, Evolution, and Religion
Mysteries of the Material and
Human World
Germs, Cures, and Healthcare
Culture: Accepting the Modern World
Realism and Naturalism: The
Details of Social Life
Impressionism: Celebrating Modern
Life
BIOGRAPHY: Claude Monet (1840-1926)
From Optimism to Uncertainty
Everything Is Relative
Sex, Conflict, and the Unconscious
Fear of Social Disintegration
Disenchantment Sets In
Art Turns Inward
Summary
Timeline: A Closer Look
Review, Analyze, and Anticipate
Beyond the Classroom
CHAPTER 22
Descending Into the Twentieth Century: World War and
Revolution, 1914-1920
Timeline: The Big Picture
On the Path to Total War
Rivalries and Alliances
Crises in the Balkans
MAP 22.1 The Balkans, 1878
MAP 22.2 The Balkans, 1914
The Front Lines
Off to Battle
MAP 22.3 World War I The Schlieffen Plan
MAP 22.4 The Western Front
Slaughter and Stalemate on the
Western Front
Victory and Defeat on the Eastern
and Southern Fronts
The War Spreads Across the Globe
War on the Home Front
Mobilizing Resources
New Gender Roles
Maintaining the Effort
To
the Bitter End
BIOGRAPHY KŠthe Kolwitz (1867-1945)
Assessing the Costs of the War
The Peach Settlement
Gathering at Versailles
A VictorsÕ Peace
Redrawing the Map of Europe
MAP 22.5 Europe, 1923
Legacy of the Peace Treaty
Revolutions in Russia
The First Warnings: 1905 The
Fall of the Tsar
The Provisional Government
The Rise of the Bolsheviks
Communism and Civil War
MAP 22.6 Civil War in Russia, 1919
Summary
Timeline: A Closer Look
Review, Analyze, and Anticipate
Beyond the Classroom
CHAPTER 23
Darkening Decades: Dictators, Depression, and World
War II, 1920-1945
Timeline: The Big Picture
Trying to Recover from the Great War,M 1919-1919
The Victors Just Hold On
Continuing Crises in Germany
Conciliation and a Glimpse of
Prosperity
The Roaring Twenties?
The Anxious Twenties
Turning Away From Democracy: Dictatorships and Fascism,
1919-1929
Authoritarianism in East-Central
Europe
The Rise of Fascism in Italy
Transforming the Soviet Union: 1920-1939
LeninÕs Compromise: The NEP
The Struggle to Succeed Lenin
StalinÕs Five-Year Plans
Blood and Terror: The Great
Purges
The Great Depression: 1929-1939
Crash!
In the Teeth of the Depression
Searching for Solutions
Nazism in Germany
The Young Adolf Hitler
The Birth of Nazism in GermanyÕs
Postwar Years
The Growth of the Nazi Party
The Appeal of Nazism
Hitler Takes Power
Life in Nazi Germany
Rebuilding and Rearming the
New Germany
The Road to War: 1931-1939
International Affairs Break
Down
Civil War in Spain
MAP 23.1 The Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939
Trying to Cope with Germany
MAP 23.2 German Expansion, 1936-1939
World War II 1939-1945
Triumph of the German Blitzkrieg
War in North Africa and the
Balkans
Operatin Barbarossa: Germany
Invades the Soviet Union
Japan Attacks
Behind the Lines: The Struggle
and the Horror
BIOGRAPHY Josip Broz (Tito) (1892-1980)
Turning the Tide of War
MAP 23.3 World War II in Europe
MAP 23.4 World War II in the Pacific
Summary
Timeline: A Closer Look
Review, Analyze, and Anticipate
Beyond the Classroom
CHAPTER 24
Superpower Struggles and Global Transformations: 1945-1980s
Timeline: The Big Picture
From Peace to Cold War
The Settlement
Origins of the Cold War
The Cold War
MAP 24.1 EUROPE AFTER WORLD WAR II
MAP 24.2 DUROPE DURING THE COLD WAR
The Global Impact of the Cold
War
MAP 24.3 COLD WAR ALLIANCES AND CONFLICTS
MAP 24.4 VIETNAM AND SOUTHEAST ASIA
DŽtente
East and West: Two Paths to Recovery in Europe
Tight Control in the Soviet
Union and Eastern Europe
Parliamentary Politics and Prosperity
in the Western Democracies
Assessing the Paths Taken
The Twilight of Colonialism
Revolts in Southern Asia
Conflict in the Middle East
MAP 24.5 THE ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT, 1947-1982
Liberating Africa
MAP 24.6 DECOLONIZATION
A Sense of Relativity in Thought and Culture
Existentialism: Responsibility
and Despair
A Culture of Contrasts and Criticism
Protests, Problems, and New Politics: The 1960s to
the 1980s
A Flurry of Social Protests
and Movements
BIOGRAPHY Simone de Beauvoir (1908 Ð 1986)
Stagnant Growth and Rising Inflation
The New Political Landscape
Post-Industrial Society
Changing Fortunes in the Post-Industrial
Society
The Baby Boom and the Booming
Cities
The Shifting Foundations of
Family and Private Life
The "Sexual Revolution" and
the Youth Culture
Breakthroughs in Science
From the Universe Above to the
Universe Within
The Information Revolution
Transforming Medicine
Summary
Timeline: A Closer Look
Review, Analyze, and Anticipate
Beyond the Classroom
CHAPTER 25
Into the Twenty-First Century
Timeline: The Big Picture
The Collapse of Communism
Undermining Communism in the
Soviet Union
Gorbachev Launches Reforms
BIOGRAPHY Vaclav Havel
Revolutions in Eastern Europe
MAP 25.1 EASTERN EUROPE, 1989
The Soviet Union Disintegrates
MAP 25.2 THE DISSOLUTION OF THE SOVIET UNION, 1991
Life After the Collapse of Communism
Nationalism Unleashed
MAPS 25.3 AND 25.4 DISINTEGRATION OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA
AND YOGOSLAVIA IN THE 1990S
Repercussions and Realignments in the West
The United States Unchallenged
and Germany Rising
Politics Shift to the Right
Toward European Integration
MAP 25.5 THE EUROPEAN UNION, 1999
The World and the West from a Global Perspective
East Asia and the Rise of the
Pacific Rim
The Challenge of Islam
Across Borders: Cultural Conflict
and Convergence
Beyond Borders: Uncertainty
in a Shrinking World
MAP 25.6 GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
Summary
Timeline: A Closer Look
Review, Analyze, and Anticipate
Beyond the Classroom
Glossary Credits
Index
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