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Chapter 2: Biological Foundations and the Brain


Chapter Outline

Chapter 2: Biological Foundations of the Brain

  1. Perspectives on Nature and Nurture
    1. The Genetic Perspective
      1. DNA
      2. Genes
    2. The Evolutionary Perspective
      1. Natural selection
      2. Evolutionary Psychology
  2. The Brain and Nervous System
    1. Elegant Organization
      1. Central Nervous System (CNS)
        1. brain
        2. spinal cord
      2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
        1. somatic nervous system
        2. autonomic nervous system
    2. Neural Transmission
      1. Neuron Pathways
        1. afferent nerves
        2. efferent nerves
        3. interneurons
      2. Structure of the Neuron
        1. cell body
        2. dendrite
        3. axon
        4. myelin sheath
      3. The Nerve Impulse
        1. resting potential
        2. action potential
        3. all-or-none principle
      4. Synapses
      5. Neurotransmitters
        1. dopamine
        2. serotonin
        3. endorphins
  3. The Central Nervous System
    1. Hindbrain
      1. Medulla
      2. Cerebellum
      3. Pons
    2. Midbrain
      1. Reticular formation
      2. Basal ganglia
    3. Forebrain
      1. Thalamus
      2. Hypothalamus
      3. Endocrine system
      4. Limbic system
        1. amygdala
        2. hippocampus
      5. Cortex
        1. occipital lobe
        2. temporal lobe
        3. parietal lobe
        4. frontal lobe
    4. Splitbrain Research and the Cerebral Hemispheres
      1. Hemispheric specialization
      2. His brain and her brain
    5. Localization and integration of function
  4. Brain Damage, Plasticity, and Repair
    1. The brain's Plasticity and Capacity for Repair
    2. Brain Tissue Implants
  5. Techniques to Study the Brain
    1. Electroencephalograph (EEG)
    2. Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT scan)
    3. Positron-Emission Tomography (PET scan)
    4. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
    5. Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID)

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