Book Cover  Psychology: Concepts and Applications 3e   Halonen
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Chapter 4: The Nature of Consciousness


Learning Objectives

Chapter 4: States of Consciousness

  1. Define consciousness.
  2. Contrast William James' concept of "stream of consciousness" and Freud's unconscious thought.
  3. Distinguish between controlled processes and automatic processes.
  4. Define and describe altered states of consciousness.
  5. Describe circadian rhythms.
  6. Describe the four stages of sleep and REM sleep.
  7. Distinguish between the repair theory and the ecological theory of sleep.
  8. Identify the following sleep disorders: insomnia, sleepwalking, sleep talking, nightmares, night terrors, narcolepsy, and sleep apnea.
  9. Distinguish among the major theories of dreaming.
  10. Define hypnosis; describe the four steps used to induce hypnosis.
  11. Distinguish between the special-process theory and the nonstate view of hypnosis.
  12. Discuss the reasons why humans are attracted to psychoactive drugs.
  13. Distinguish among drug tolerance, drug addiction, drug withdrawal, and psychological dependence on drugs.
  14. Discuss the physical and psychological effects of the following: alcohol, barbiturates, tranquilizers, and opiates.
  15. Describe the physical and psychological effects of stimulants such as amphetamines and cocaine.
  16. Describe the physical and psychological effects of marijuana and hallucinogens such as LSD.

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