Book Cover  Psychology: Concepts and Applications 3e   Halonen
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Chapter 5: Learning


Chapter Outline

Chapter 5: Learning

  1. Definition of Learning
  2. Classical Conditioning
    1. How classical conditioning works
      1. Unconditioned stimulus (US)
      2. Unconditioned response (UR)
      3. Conditioned stimulus (CS)
      4. Conditioned response (CR)
    2. Classical conditioning phenomena
      1. Generalization
      2. Discrimination
      3. Extinction
      4. Spontaneous recovery
    3. Applications of human classical conditioning
      1. Phobias
      2. Counterconditioning
    4. Evaluation of classical conditioning
      1. Stimulus substitution
      2. Information theory
  3. Operant Conditioning
    1. Thorndike's law of effect
    2. Skinner's operant conditioning
      1. Reinforcement
        1. positive reinforcement
        2. negative reinforcement
          1. Punishment
          2. Shaping and chaining
          3. Primary and secondary reinforcement
          4. Schedules of reinforcement
            1. fixed-ratio
            2. variable-ratio
            3. fixed-interval
            4. variable-interval
          5. Extinction
          6. Generalization
          7. Discrimination
        3. Applications of operant conditioning
        4. Evaluation of operant conditioning
      2. Observational Learning
        1. Bandura's model of observational learning
          1. Attention
          2. Retention
        2. Role models and mentors
        3. Evaluation of observational learning
      3. Cognitive Factors in Learning
        1. Bandura's cognitive model
        2. Expectations and cognitive maps
        3. Insight learning
      4. Biological and cultural factors in learning
        1. Biological factors
          1. Preparedness
          2. Instinctive drift
        2. Cultural factors

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