Book Cover  Psychology: Concepts and Applications 3e   Halonen
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Chapter 7: Thinking, Language, & Intelligence


Learning Objectives

Chapter 7: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

  1. Explain the similarities and differences in the functioning of computers and cognitive processes.
  2. Describe the process of concept formation and discuss the differences between "real-life" concepts and those often used in psychological research.
  3. Identify the components of the IDEAL problem solver.
  4. Distinguish between algorithms and heuristics.
  5. Distinguish between inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning.
  6. Explain critical thinking and describe common pitfalls in critically thinking about behavior.
  7. Distinguish between convergent and divergent thinking and identify characteristics of creative thinkers.
  8. Define the terms language and infinite generativity.
  9. Distinguish among the following: phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics.
  10. Discuss the processes that occur early in the development of human language, including the holophrase hypothesis and telegraphic speech.
  11. Discuss the issue of whether there is a critical period for language acquisition.
  12. Describe the evidence for biological, environmental, and cultural influences on language.
  13. State the linguistic relativity hypothesis and discuss its significance.
  14. Describe the controversies concerning bilingual education.
  15. Discuss the debate regarding the ability of animals to learn language.
  16. Define intelligence.
  17. Distinguish among Spearman's two-factor theory, Thurstone's multiple-factor theory, Sternberg's triarchic theory, and Gardner's frames of intelligence.
  18. Describe the following components of tests: reliability, validity, standardization, and norms.
  19. Describe widely used contemporary measures of intelligence.
  20. Distinguish between organic and cultural-familial causes of mental retardation.
  21. Describe the challenges faced by those with learning difficulties.
  22. Identify the characteristics of giftedness.
  23. Discuss the heredity-environment controversy as it relates to intelligence.
  24. Discuss the efforts to develop a culture-fair intelligence test.
  25. Explain the use and misuse of intelligence tests.

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