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Chapter 8: Human Development


Chapter Outline

Chapter 8: Human Development

  1. What is development
    1. Biological, Cognitive, and Socioemotional Processes
    2. Maturation and Experience (Nature and Nurture)
    3. Continuity and Discontinuity
      1. Continuity of development
      2. Discontinuity of development
    4. Social Policy
  2. Child Development
    1. Prenatal Development
      1. The course of prenatal development
        1. conception
        2. germinal period
        3. embryonic period
        4. fetal period
      2. Challenges to prenatal development
        1. teratogen
        2. Fetal alcohol syndrome
    2. Physical Development
    3. Cognitive Development
      1. Piaget's Theory
        1. Process of adaptation
          1. assimilation
          2. accommodation
        2. Stages of cognitive development
          1. sensorimotor thought
          2. preoperational thought
            1. conservation
            2. egocentrism
          3. concrete operational thought
          4. formal operational thought
        3. Piaget's contributions and criticisms
      2. Vygotsky's Theory
    4. Socioemotional Development
      1. Erikson's Theory of Socioemotional Development
        1. Trust versus Mistrust
        2. Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt
        3. Initiative versus Guilt
        4. Industry versus Inferiority
      2. Attachment
        1. imprinting
        2. secure attachment
      3. Parenting styles
        1. authoritarian parenting
        2. authoritative parenting
        3. neglectful parenting
        4. indulgent parenting
  3. Adolescence
    1. Historical Beginnings and the Nature of Adolescence
    2. Physical Development
    3. Cognitive Development
      1. Piaget's ideas about adolescent cognition
      2. moral development
        1. preconventional
        2. conventional
        3. postconventional
    4. Socioemotional Development
      1. Parent-Adolescent relationships
      2. Peers
      3. Identity development
      4. Identity statuses
        1. identity confusion
        2. identity foreclosure
        3. identity moratorium
        4. identity achievement
      5. Identity, culture, and ethnicity
    5. The Challenges of Adolescence
  4. Adult Development and Aging
    1. Periods of Adult Development
    2. Physical Development
    3. Cognitive Development
    4. Socioemotional Development
      1. Lifestyles
      2. stage theories of adult personality development
        1. intimacy versus isolation
        2. generativity versus stagnation
        3. integrity versus despair
      3. Life events and cohorts effects
      4. Continuity-discontinuity
    5. Death and Dying

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