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Psychology: Concepts and Applications 3e Halonen | |||||
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Psychology: Concepts and Applications 3e Halonen | |||||
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Glossary: M |
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| major depression | |
| A severe form of depression that interferes with concentration, decision making, and sociability (Ch. 16) | |
 mania |
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| An extended state of intense euphoria and elation (Ch. 16) | |
| manifest content of dreams | |
| According to Freud, the overt story line of dreams (Ch. 5) | |
| masturbation | |
| Sexual self-stimulation (Ch. 11) | |
| mean | |
| The average of all scores, arrived at by adding scores together and dividing by the number of scores (App.) | |
| means-ends analysis | |
| Repeated testing for differences between the desired outcome and what currently exists (Ch. 8) | |
| median | |
| The point in a distribution of scores that divides the distribution exactly in half when the scores are listed in numerical order (App.) | |
| medical model of abnormality | |
| The model that suggests that when an individual displays symptoms of abnormal behavior, the root cause will be found in a physical examination of the individual, which may reveal a hormonal imbalance, a chemical deficiency, or a brain injury (Ch. 16) | |
| meditation |
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A learned technique for refocusing attention that brings about an altered state of consciousness (Ch. 5) |
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| memory | |
| The process by which we encode, store, and retrieve information (Ch. 7) | |
| memory trace or engram | |
| According to Freud, the “psychic energy” that fuels the primary drives of hunger, sex, aggression, and irrational impulses (Ch. 14) | |
| menopause |
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| The point at which women stop menstruating and are no longer fertile (Ch. 13) | |
| mental age | |
| The average age of children taking the Binet test who achieved the same score (Ch. 9) | |
| mental images | |
| Representations in the mind that resemble the object or event being represented (Ch. 8) | |
| mental retardation | |
| A significantly subaverage intellectual functioning which occurs with related limitations in two or more of the adaptive skill areas (Ch. 9) | |
| mental set | |
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The tendency for old patterns of problem solving to persist (Ch. 8) |
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| metabolism |
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The rate at which food is converted to energy and expended by the body (Ch. 10) |
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| metacognition | |
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An awareness and understanding of one’s own cognitive processes (Ch. 12) |
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| midlife crisis | |
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The realization that we have not accomplished in life what we had hoped to, leading to negative feelings (Ch. 13) |
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| midlife transition | |
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Beginning around the age of 40, a period during which we come to the realization that life is finite (Ch. 13) |
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| Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) | |
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A test used to identify people with psychological difficulties as well as predict a variety of other behaviors (Ch. 14) |
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| mode | |
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The most frequently occurring score in a set of scores (App.) |
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| monocular
cues |
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Signals that allow us to perceive distance and depth with just one eye (Ch. 4) |
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| mood disorder | |
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Affective disturbances severe enough to interfere with normal living (Ch. 16) |
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| motivation | |
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The factors that direct and energize the behavior of humans and other organisms (Ch. 10) |
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| motor area | |
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The part of the cortex that is largely responsible for the voluntary movement of particular parts of the body (Ch. 3) |
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| motor (efferent) neurons | |
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Neurons that communicate information from the nervous system to muscles and glands of the body (Ch. 3) |
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| myelin
sheath |
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A series of specialized cells of fat and protein that wrap themselves around the axon providing a protective coating (Ch. 3) |
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