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Psychology: Concepts and Applications 3e Halonen | |||||
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Psychology: Concepts and Applications 3e Halonen | |||||
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Glossary: N |
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| narcissistic personality disorder | |
| A personality disturbance which is characterized by an exaggerated sense of self-importance (Ch. 16) | |
| narcotics | |
| Drugs that increase relaxation and relieve pain and anxiety (Ch. 5) | |
| naturalistic observation | |
| Research in which an investigator simply observes some naturally occurring behavior and does not intervene in the situation (Ch. 2) | |
| nature-nurture issue | |
| The issue of the degree to which environment and heredity influence behavior (Ch. 12) | |
| need for achievement | |
| A stable, learned characteristic in which satisfaction is obtained by striving for and attaining a level of excellence (Ch. 10) | |
| need for affiliations | |
| An interest in establishing and maintaining relationships with other people (Ch. 10) | |
| need for power | |
| A tendency to seek impact, control, or influence over others, and to be seen as a powerful individual (Ch. 10) | |
| need-complementarity hypothesis | |
| The hypothesis that people are attracted to others who fulfill their needs (Ch. 18) | |
| negative reinforce | |
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An unpleasant stimulus whose removal from the environment leads to an increase in the probability that a preceding response will occur again in the future (Ch. 6) |
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| negative relationship | |
| A relationship established by data that shows high values of one variable corresponding with low values of the other (App.) | |
| neo-Freudian psychoanalysts | |
| Psychoanalysts who were trained in traditional Freudian theory but who later rejected some of its major points (Ch. 14) | |
| neonate | |
| A newborn child (Ch. 12) | |
 neurons |
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| Specialized cells that are the basic elements of the nervous system (Ch. 3) | |
| neurotransmitters |
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| Chemicals that carry messages across the synapse to the dendrite (and sometimes the cell body) of a receiver neuron (Ch. 3) | |
| neutral stimulus | |
| A stimulus that, before conditioning, has no effect on the desired response (Ch. 6) | |
| normal distribution | |
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A distribution of scores that produces a bell-shaped, symmetrical curve (App.) |
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| norms | |
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Standards of test performance that permit the comparison of one person’s score on the test to the scores of others who have taken the same test (Ch. 9) |
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