Major life events, such as the death of a family member, that have immediate negative consequences which generally fade with time (Ch. 15)

The “master gland,” the major component of the endocrine system, which secretes hormones that control growth (Ch. 3)

The theory suggesting that different areas of the basilar membrane respond to different frequencies (Ch. 4)

A bogus treatment, such as a pill, “drug,” or other substance without any significant chemical properties or active ingredient (Ch. 2)

The period in which the maximum level of arousal is attained, the penis and clitoris swell with blood, and the body prepares for orgasm (Ch. 11)

All the members of a group of interest (App.)

A relationship established by data that shows high values of one variable corresponding with high values of another, and low values of the first variable corresponding with low values of the other (App.)

A stimulus added to the environment that brings about an increase in a preceding response (Ch. 6)

A phenomenon in which victims of major catastrophes reexperience the original stress event and associated feelings in vivid flashbacks or dreams (Ch. 15)

The negative (or positive) evaluations of groups and their members (Ch. 18)

The inability of a male to delay orgasm as long as he wishes (Ch. 11)

According to Piaget, the period from 2 to 7 years of age that is characterized by language development (Ch. 12)

A technique of recalling information by having been exposed to related information at an earlier time (Ch. 7)

The knowledge that quantity is unrelated to the arrangement and physical appearance of objects (Ch. 12)

Memory for skills and habits, such as riding a bike or hitting a baseball, sometimes referred to as “nondeclarative memory” (Ch. 7)

Female sex hormone (Ch. 11)

A test in which a person is shown an ambiguous stimulus and asked to describe it or tell a story about it (Ch. 14)

Helping behavior (Ch. 18)

Typical, highly representative examples of a concept (Ch. 8)

Drugs that influence a person’s emotions, perceptions, and behavior (Ch. 5)

Psychodynamic therapy that involves frequent sessions and often lasts for many years (Ch. 17)

The model that suggests that abnormal behavior stems from childhood conflicts over opposing wishes regarding sex and aggression (Ch. 16)

Freud’s theory that unconscious forces act as determinants of personality (Ch. 14)

The psychological model based on the belief that behavior is motivated by inner forces over which the individual has little control (Ch. 1)

First suggested by Freud, therapy that is based on the premise that the primary sources of abnormal behavior are unresolved past conflicts and the possibility that unacceptable unconscious impulses will enter consciousness (Ch. 17)

Standard measures devised to assess behavior objectively and used by psychologists to help people make decisions about their lives and understand more about themselves (Ch. 14)

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes (Ch. 1)

The study of the relationship between the physical nature of stimuli and the sensory responses that they evoke (Ch. 4)

Medical problems caused by an interaction of psychological, emotional, and physical difficulties (Ch. 15)

Development of individuals’ interactions and understanding of each other and of their knowledge and understanding of themselves as members of society (Ch. 12)

Brain surgery once used to alleviate symptoms of mental disorder but rarely used today (Ch. 17)

The process in which a patient (often referred to as the client) and a professional attempt to remedy psychological difficulties (Ch. 17)

The period at which maturation of the sexual organs occurs, begins at about age 11 or 12 for girls and 13 or 14 for boys (Ch. 13)

Unpleasant or painful stimuli that decrease the probability that a preceding behavior will occur again (Ch. 6)