A method of gathering data about people by asking them questions about a sample of their behavior (Ch. 14)

Neurons that transmit information from the perimeter of the body to the central nervous system (Ch. 3)

The initial, momentary storage of information, lasting only an instant (Ch. 7)

Negative attitudes and behavior toward a person based on that person’s gender (Ch. 11)

A medical condition acquired through sexual contact (Ch. 11)

The process of teaching a complex behavior by rewarding closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior (Ch. 6)

Memory that holds information for 15 to 25 seconds (Ch. 7)

The theory that seeks to explain the role of psychological factors in the judgment of whether a stimulus is present or absent (Ch. 4)

Meaningful results that make it possible for researchers to feel confident that they have confirmed their hypotheses (Ch. 2)

An outcome expected to occur by chance less than 5 percent of the time (App.)

A cause of behavior that is based on environmental factors (Ch. 18)

The senses that include touch, pressure, temperature, and pain (Ch. 4)

The processes that underlie our understanding of the social world (Ch. 18)

The theory that emphasizes the influence of a person’s cognitions—thoughts, feelings, expectations, and values—in determining personality (Ch. 14)

The process by which the actions of an individual or group affect the behavior of others (Ch. 18)

The study of how people’s thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by others (Ch. 18)

A mutual network of caring, interested others (Ch. 15)

A person who shares an unpopular opinion or attitude of another group member, thereby encouraging nonconformity (Ch. 18)

The model that makes the assumption that people’s behavior—both normal and abnormal—is shaped by the kind of family group, society, and culture in which they live (Ch. 16)

The part of the nervous system that specializes in the control of voluntary movements and the communication of information to and from the sense organs (Ch. 3)

Psychological difficulties that take on a physical (somatic) form of one sort or another (Ch. 16)

The movement of air molecules brought about by the vibration of an object (Ch. 4)

A bundle of nerves that leaves the brain and runs down the length of the back and is the main means for transmitting messages between the brain and the body (Ch. 3)

A person who suffers from independent functioning of the two halves of the brain, as a result of which the sides of the body work in disharmony (Ch. 3)

The reappearance of a previously extinguished response after time has elapsed without exposure to the conditioned stimulus (Ch. 6)

Recovery without treatment (Ch. 17)

The state of transition between wakefulness and sleep, characterized by relatively rapid, low-voltage brain waves (Ch. 5)

A sleep deeper than that of stage 1, characterized by a slower, more regular wave pattern, along with momentary interruptions of “sleep spindles” (Ch. 5)

A sleep characterized by slow brain waves, with greater peaks and valleys in the wave pattern (Ch. 5)

The deepest stage of sleep, during which we are least responsive to outside stimulation (Ch. 5)

n index of the average deviation of a set of scores from the center of the distribution (App.)

The branch of mathematics concerned with collecting, organizing, analyzing, and drawing conclusions from numerical data (App.)

The social rank held within a group (Ch. 18)

Generalized beliefs and expectations about social groups and their members (Ch. 18)

Drugs that affect the central nervous system by causing a rise in heart rate, blood pressure, and muscular tension (Ch. 5)

Energy that produces a response in a sense organ (Ch. 4)

The process by which an organism learns to differentiate among stimuli, restricting its response to one in particular (Ch. 6)

Response to a stimulus that is similar to but different from a conditioned stimulus; the more similar the two stimuli, the more likely generalization is to occur (Ch. 6)

The response to events that are threatening or challenging (Ch. 15)

Wundt’s model that focuses on the fundamental elements that form the foundation of thinking, consciousness, emotions, and other kinds of mental states and activities (Ch. 1)

The perception of messages about which we have no awareness (Ch. 4)

According to Freud, the final personality structure to develop that represents the rights and wrongs of society as handed down by a person’s parents, teachers, and other important figures (Ch. 14)

Research in which people chosen to represent some larger population are asked a series of questions about their behavior, thoughts, or attitudes (Ch. 2)

The part of the autonomic division of the nervous system that acts to prepare the body in stressful emergency situations, engaging all the organism’s resources to respond to a threat (Ch. 3)

A chemical connection that bridges the gap between two neurons (Ch. 3)

The rules that indicate how words and phrases can be combined to form sentences (Ch. 8)

A form of treatment in which a person is taught to relax and then is gradually exposed to an anxiety-producing stimulus in order to extinguish the response of anxiety (Ch. 17)