Psychology, 5/e   Wortman, Loftus & Weaver
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Learning Objectives

1. Define learning, and discuss the relationship between learning, cognition, and performance.
2. Define associative learning, and compare and contrast classical conditioning with operant conditioning.
3. Define conditioned stimulus, unconditioned stimulus, conditioned response, and unconditioned response. Give an example of each concept.
4. Explain how classically conditioned responses are acquired and how they are extinguished.
5. Compare and contrast the principles of contingency and contiguity in classical conditioning, and distinguish between forward, trace, simultaneous, and backward conditioning.
6. Compare and contrast stimulus generalization and stimulus discrimination, and explain how they produce generalization gradients.
7. Describe the roles of reinforcement and punishment in operant conditioning, and distinguish between positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, and negative punishment.
8. Explain how conditioned operant responses are acquired and how they are extinguished.
9. Describe the different schedules of reinforcement, and discuss their role in acquiring and maintaining operant responses.
10. Define observational learning, specifying what is acquired in the process. Explain the concepts of vicarious reinforcement and punishment.
11. Explain how to apply the principles of learning to real-world situations.
12. Discuss the role of biological constraints in conditioning.
13. Describe the phenomenon of learned taste aversion, and discuss the debate on whether taste aversions violate the traditional rules of conditioning.

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