How do I conduct an observational or correlational study?

• Observe, measure variables

When researchers choose observational and correlational designs, they typically first select a sample of participants and then observe and measure the variables of interest (as defined by operational definitions). Psychologists can make observations either directly by watching and recording people's behavior or indirectly by checking records of people's past behavior. Another form of observation occurs when individuals are asked to report their thoughts and feelings on paper-and-pencil surveys (questionnaires) or during interviews.