C. Multiple Choice

  1. As an approach to knowledge, the scientific method relies on
    a. intuitive procedures
    b. deductive procedures
    c. empirical procedures
    d. subjective procedures
    		 INCORRECT (c)

  2. When a researcher is studying an individual difference variable the levels of the independent variable are
    a. manipulated
    b. held constant
    c. balanced
    d. selected
    		 INCORRECT (d)

  3. Measures of behavior used by researchers to assess the effect of an experimental manipulation are called
    a. reliable variables
    b. independent variables
    c. dependent variables
    d. empiricals
    		INCORRECT (c)

  4. Which of the following characteristics applies to a measurement that consistently discriminates between high and low scorers?
    a. validity
    b. reliability
    c. precision
    d. accuracy
    		 INCORRECT (b)

  5. The tentative explanations scientists use to explain events must be testable and are called
    a. hypotheses
    b. postulates
    c. heuristics
    d. axioms
    		 INCORRECT (a)

  6. A correlational study is uniquely useful for meeting which of the following goals of the scientific method?
    a. description
    b. modeling
    c. prediction
    d. understanding
    		 INCORRECT (c)

  7. Which of the following conclusions is possible when a study contains a confounding?
    a. The effect of the independent variable can be unambiguously interpreted. INCORRECT (c)
    b. The effect of the confounding variable can be unambiguously interpreted.
    c. The effect of neither the independent variable nor of the confounding variable can be unambiguously interpreted.
    d. The effects of both the independent variable and the confounding variable can be unambiguously interpreted.

  8. When a study is free of confoundings it is said to have
    a. external validity
    b. internal validity
    c. integrity
    d. reproducibility
    		 INCORRECT (b)

  9. The results of an externally valid study are ones that
    a. apply to a narrow range of subjects, conditions, and settings
    b. apply to a wide range of subjects, conditions, and settings
    c. are likely to replicate if the study is repeated
    d. are likely to be difficult to interpret unambiguously
    		 INCORRECT (b)

  10. Constructing a psychological theory based on the simplest of several available explanations for a phenomenon illustrates the use of the scientific principle of
    a. confirmation
    b. precision
    c. rigorous testing
    d. parsimony
    		 INCORRECT (d)

   All answers are Correct!