Read each question carefully and then select or provide the best answer. 1. The specialized language that subcultures employ as a way to create cohesion and a unique identity is called a. bilingualism. b. an argot. c. slang. d. an in-language. 2. Terrorist groups are examples of a. cultural universals. b. subcultures. c. countercultures. d. dominant ideologies. 3. Which of the following is a typical language pattern within immigrant families in the United States? a. The younger family members quickly learn English but prefer to speak their native language. b. The older family members speak their native language only until they learn to speak English without accent. c. The younger family members experience language confusion, speaking both their home language and English haltingly. d. The older family members learn a bit of English but speak their native language almost exclusively. 4. are subcultures that openly oppose aspects of the larger culture, often including the central government. 5. A person experiences when he or she feels disoriented, uncertain, out of place, even fearful when immersed in an unfamiliar culture. Answers 1 (b); 2 (c); 3 (d); 4 Countercultures; 5 culture shock RECAP LO 10-1 Explain patterns of variation within cultures, including subcultures and countercultures. • A subculture is a segment of society that shares customs, rules, and traditions that differ from those of the larger society. Members of a subculture even have a specialized language, called an argot, that distinguishes them from nonmembers. • Countercultures are subcultures that deliberately oppose aspects of the larger culture. LO 10-2 Describe the phenomenon of culture shock. • The feeling of disorientation and dislocation experienced by people who are suddenly immersed in an unfamiliar culture is called culture shock. • Culture shock can be a two-way street: the host culture may shock the individual, and the individual’s cultural mannerisms may shock the host culture. LO 10-3 Analyze through a sociological lens the implications of bilingualism on social policy. • The social policy of bilingualism refers to the use of two languages in a setting, treating each as equally legitimate. It is supported by those who want to ease the transition of non-native-language speakers into a host society, but opposed by those who emphasize the importance of a single cultural tradition and language. • Concern about immigrant families in the United States using their native languages instead of English is overblown. Immigrant populations generally follow the pattern by which younger family members quickly become fluent in English, and as time passes, a clear preference for using English emerges naturally. KEY TERMS Argot Specialized language used by members of a group or subculture. Bilingualism The use of two languages in a particular setting, such as the workplace or schoolroom, treating each language as equally legitimate. Counterculture A subculture that deliberately opposes certain aspects of the larger culture. Culture shock The feeling of surprise and disorientation that people experience when they encounter cultural practices that are different from their own. Subculture A segment of society that shares a distinctive pattern of customs, rules, and traditions that differs from the pattern of the larger society. Consider these questions to get a deeper understanding of the material. 1. To what subcultures do you belong? How do they function in relation to the larger society? 2. Why do people experience culture shock? What does this reveal about the role of culture and of everyday customs? MODULE TEN Cultural Variation 83
Schaefer_Sociology_POWER_1e
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