Section 1.3 Subtraction of Whole Numbers 23 Subtracting Whole Numbers Subtract and check the answer, using addition. a. 8 2 b. 10 6 c. 5 0 d. 3 3 Solution: a. 8 2 6 because 6 2 8 b. because c. because d. 3 3 0 because 0 3 3 10 6 4 4 6 10 5 0 5 5 0 5 2. Subtraction of Whole Numbers When subtracting large numbers, it is usually more convenient to write the numbers vertically.We write the minuend on top and the subtrahend below it. Starting from the ones column, we subtract digits having corresponding place values. Subtracting Whole Numbers Example 2 Subtract and check the answer by using addition. a. b. Solution: a. Check: ✓ Subtract the ones column digits. Subtract the tens column digits. Subtract the hundreds column digits. b. Check: ✓ 2301 197 2498 2498 197 2301 852 124 976 976 124 852 2498 197 976 124 When a digit in the subtrahend (bottom number) is larger than the corresponding digit in the minuend (top number), we must “regroup” or borrow a value from the column to the left. In the ones column, we cannot take 4 away from 2. We will regroup by borrowing 1 ten from the minuend. Furthermore, 1 ten 10 ones. f We now have 12 ones in the minuend. 92 9 tens 2 ones 74 7 tens 4 ones 8 10 9 2 7 4 7 tens 4 ones 8 12 9 2 9 8 tens 2 ones 10 ones 9 8 tens 12 ones 7 4 7 tens 4 ones 1 8 1 ten 8 ones Answers 1. 6 2. 8 3. 5 4. 0 5. 211 6. 3810 TIP: The process of borrowing in subtraction is the reverse of carrying in addition. Example 1 Skill Practice Subtract. Check by using addition. 1. 11 5 2. 8 0 3. 7 2 4. 5 5 Skill Practice Subtract. Check by using addition. 5. 6. 3947 137 472 261
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