We can also state the procedure using this formula: First number Second number First number Additive inverse of the second number Again, notice that the fi rst number stays the same. Can you write this formula using the letters a and b? Subtract. a) 3 9 b) 14 11 c) 12 (25) d) 10 (3) e) 2081 (1476) Solution a) Use the formula 3 9 3 (9) 6 So, 3 9 6. b) 14 11 14 (11) 25 c) 12 (25) 12 (25) 13 Change subtraction to addition of the additive inverse of 11. EXAMPLE 2 d) 10 (3) 10 (3) 7 Change subtraction to addition of the additive inverse of 3. YOU TRY 2 Subtract. First number Second number First number Additive inverse of the second number Change subtraction to addition of the additive inverse of 25. e) Don’t let larger numbers confuse you. We apply the rules the same way. 2081 (1476) 2081 (1476) 3557 Change subtraction to addition of the additive inverse of 1476. a) 5 9 b) 15 13 c) 10 (8) d) 24 (47) e) 4875 (2391) Make sure you can tell the difference between a subtraction sign and a negative sign. 18 (4) Read this as “18 minus negative 4.” Subtraction Q a Negative sign sign Use the same procedure when subtracting fractions and decimals. www.mhhe.com/messersmith SECTION 10.3 Subtracting Signed Numbers 735
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