Section 2.1 Graphical Summaries for Qualitative Data 43 Constructing a bar graph Step 1. Name your variable Reason, and enter the data into Column C1. Step 2. Click on Graph, then Bar Chart. If given raw data as in Table 2.6, select Bars Represent: Counts of Unique Values. For the Bar Chart type, select Simple. Click OK. (If given a frequency distribution, select Bars Represent: Values from a Table.) Step 3. Double-click on the Reason variable and click on any of the options desired. Step 4. Press OK (Figure B). Figure B Constructing a pie chart Step 1. Name your variable Reason, and enter the data into Column C1. Step 2. Click on Graph, then Pie Chart. If given raw data as in Table 2.6, select Chart Raw Data, and click OK. (If given a frequency distribution, select Chart Values from a Table.) Step 3. Double-click on the Reason variable and click on any of the options desired. Step 4. Press OK (Figure C). Figure C EXCEL Constructing a frequency distribution Step 1. Enter the data in Column A with the label Reason in the topmost cell. Step 2. Select Insert, then Pivot Table. Enter the range of cells that contain the data in the Table/Range field and click OK. Step 3. In Choose fields to add to report, check Reason. Step 4. Click on Reason and drag to the Values box. The result is shown in Figure D. Figure D Constructing bar graphs and pie charts Step 1. Enter the categories in Column A and the frequencies or relative frequencies in Column B. Step 2. Highlight the values in Column A and Column B, and select Insert. For a bar graph, select Column. For a pie chart, select Pie.
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